Die Finanzkrise hat vor Augen geführt, dass die Vorschriften zur Funktionsweise der Finanzmärkte harmonisiert werden müssen, zumal Letztere in der heutigen Wirtschaft eine unverzichtbare Finanzierungsquelle darstellen. Die EU versucht aktiv, insbesondere die Rechenschaftspflicht der Finanzinstitute und die Transparenz der Finanzmärkte zu verbessern und gleichzeitig gegen Steuerhinterziehung und Geldwäsche vorzugehen. Diese legitimen politischen Ziele erfordern in der Praxis oftmals die Sammlung, Nutzung und Speicherung großer Mengen an personenbezogenen Daten. Daher ist es notwendig, für ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis zwischen ordnungspolitischen Zielen und den Grundrechten auf Privatsphäre und Datenschutz zu sorgen.
Brief zur Mitteilung der Kommission "Korruptionsbekämpfung in der EU" und zum Beschluss der Kommission über die Einführung eines Berichterstattungsmechanismus für die regelmäßige Bewertung der Korruptionsbekämpfung in der EU
Stellungnahme zum Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Festlegung der technischen Vorschriften für Überweisungen und Lastschriften in Euro und zur Änderung der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 924/2009, OJ C 284/01, 28.09.2011, p.1
Stellungnahme zum Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über die Integrität und Transparenz des Energiemarkts, OJ C 279/03, 23.09.2011, p.20
The main aim of the Proposal is to prevent market manipulation and insider trading on wholesale energy (gas and electricity) markets. The Proposal contains several provisions relevant to the protection of personal data, including those on market monitoring and reporting and investigation and enforcement. The EDPS recommendations included the following:
The Proposal should clarify whether any personal data may be processed in the context of market monitoring and reporting and which safeguards will apply. If, in contrast, no processing of personal data is expected (or such processing would only be exceptional and would be restricted to rare cases, where a wholesale energy trader might be an individual rather than a legal entity), this should be clearly set forth in the Proposal, at least in a recital.
Provisions on data protection, data security and accountability should be clarified and further strengthened, especially if the processing of personal data would play a more structural role. The Commission should ensure that adequate controls are in place to ensure data protection compliance and provide evidence thereof ("accountability").
The Proposal should clarify whether on-site inspections would be limited to a business property (premises and vehicles) of a market participant or also apply to private properties (premises or vehicles) of individuals. In the latter case, the necessity and proportionality of this power should be clearly justified and a judicial warrant and additional safeguards should be required. This should be clearly foreseen in the proposed Regulation.
The scope of the powers to require "existing telephone and existing data traffic records" should be clarified. The Proposal should unambiguously specify what records can be required and from whom. The fact that no data can be required from providers of publicly available electronic communications services should be explicitly mentioned in the text of the proposed Regulation, at least in a recital. The Proposal should also clarify whether the authorities may also require private records of individuals, such as employees or executives of the market participant under investigation (e.g. text messages sent from personal mobile devices or browsing history of home internet use). If this would be the case, the necessity and proportionality of this power should be clearly justified and the Proposal should also require a warrant from a judicial authority.
With regard to reporting of suspected market abuse, the Proposal should explicitly provide that any personal data contained in these reports should only be used for purposes of investigating the suspected market abuse reported. Unless a suspected market abuse has led to a specific investigation and the investigation is still on-going (or a suspicion has proved to be well-founded and has led to a successful investigation), all personal data related to the reported suspected market abuse should be deleted from the records of all recipients after the lapse of a specified period (unless otherwise justified, at the latest two years following the date of report). In addition, parties to an information exchange should also send each other an update in case a suspicion proves to be unfounded and/or an investigation has been closed without taking further action.
Stellungnahme zum Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über OTC-Derivate, zentrale Gegenparteien und Transaktionsregister, OJ C 216/04, 22.07.2011, p.9
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories